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Hyperarousal refers to a state where the nervous system remains alert even after a danger has passed, leading to continued tension, vigilance, startle responses, and insomnia.

A panic attack is a state where various symptoms such as racing heart, shortness of breath, trembling, and dizziness rapidly intensify along with sudden intense fear or discomfort.

Somatized anxiety refers to when worry and tension manifest prominently as physical symptoms such as racing heart, shortness of breath, dizziness, digestive discomfort, or pain.

Anticipatory anxiety refers to a state where worry and tension increase before an actual situation occurs, due to the fear that a panic attack or uncomfortable event may happen again.

Agoraphobia is a condition where one fears and avoids places and situations where they feel it would be difficult to escape or obtain help.

Social anxiety is a condition where one finds it difficult to endure or avoids situations such as conversations, presentations, or dining due to the fear of being judged or embarrassed by others.

Avoidance behavior refers to avoiding places, people, or activities, or becoming unable to do things alone, due to the fear that anxiety or a panic attack may occur.

Sleep onset latency is the actual time it takes to fall asleep after lying down in bed. To distinguish the patterns of insomnia, it is necessary to record the time taken to fall asleep, nighttime awakenings, and the wake-up time, rather than looking only at the bedtime.

The circadian rhythm is the body's timing system that regulates sleep, wakefulness, hormones, and body temperature in approximately 24-hour cycles according to light and activity times.

Nighttime awakening refers to waking up one or more times during the night after falling asleep. In addition to the number of times awakened, the time it takes to fall back asleep and the level of fatigue the following day are also evaluated.

Early morning awakening is a form of insomnia where one wakes up much earlier than the intended wake-up time and finds it difficult to fall back asleep.

A sleep diary is a record kept over several days noting the time of going to bed, the perceived time of falling asleep, times of waking during the night, final wake-up time, and daytime sleepiness.

Rebound insomnia refers to a phenomenon where original insomnia feels temporarily more severe immediately after reducing or stopping sleep medication. If sleep worsens immediately after dose reduction, record the medication name, dose, date of change, time of falling asleep, number of awakenings, and daytime functioning. Do not arbitrarily increase the dose or force the next reduction; instead, consult your prescribing healthcare provider to decide whether to maintain the current stage or adjust the speed of reduction.

Withdrawal symptoms refer to new symptoms or the worsening of existing ones that may occur as the body adapts after reducing or stopping medication that can cause dependence.

Rebound refers to a phenomenon where symptoms that were suppressed by medication, such as insomnia or anxiety, appear more intensely for a short period after discontinuation.

Recurrence refers to the reappearance of symptoms of an original condition that had improved. Immediately after changing medication, it can be difficult to distinguish from withdrawal or rebound.

Benzodiazepines are a group of sedative medications used for anxiety, insomnia, seizures, etc. Risks of dependence and withdrawal must be considered with long-term use and sudden discontinuation.

Z-drugs is a collective term for non-benzodiazepine prescription medications used to aid sleep. Abnormal behavior after intake, next-day drowsiness, and safety upon discontinuation must be verified.

Rumination refers to a state where it is difficult to escape because one repeatedly dwells on thoughts that do not lead to a resolution.

Byeonjeung is a Korean medicine examination process that determines the direction of herbal medicine prescriptions by looking at the pattern of sleep, as well as throbbing, digestion, body heat, fatigue, and response to medication, even for the same diagnosis of insomnia or anxiety.

Insomnia refers to cases where it is repeatedly difficult to fall asleep, or one wakes up frequently or too early despite having the opportunity to sleep, making daily life difficult the next day.

Sleep deficiency is a state where the actual amount of sleep is not secured to the required level because there is insufficient time to sleep.

Restless Legs Syndrome is a condition where an uncomfortable urge to move the legs occurs or worsens when resting or lying down, and these symptoms typically intensify in the evening or at night, improving temporarily upon movement.

Panic disorder is a condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and the subsequent worry about future attacks or changes in behavior to avoid them.

Depression is a disorder where a depressed mood or loss of interest persists, leading to changes in sleep, appetite, concentration, and daily functioning.

Hypomania is a state where mood and activity become elated or irritable, and changes such as not feeling tired despite reduced sleep, persist for a certain period.

Burnout refers to a state of severe exhaustion, detachment, and reduced performance resulting from prolonged burdens such as work or caregiving.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a condition that follows a shocking event, characterized by unwanted memories, nightmares, avoidance, hyperarousal, and mood changes.

Obsessive thoughts refer to thoughts, impulses, or images that recur unwantedly and cause significant anxiety or discomfort.

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is a state where symptoms such as dizziness, sensory abnormalities, insomnia, and anxiety newly appear after reducing or stopping antidepressants.

Hwabyung is a diagnostic term referring to a pattern where chest tightness, heat sensations, sighing, throbbing, and digestive discomfort appear after suppressing feelings of unfairness or anger for a long time.

Brain fog is a common term used to describe a state where the mind feels cloudy and thoughts seem slowed down, making it difficult to concentrate, remember things, or find the right words.